Samer Saleh Hakami and Kyo-Beum Lee, "Four-level Hysteresis-Based DTC for Torque Capability Improvement of IPMSM Fed by Three-Level NPC Inverter," Electronics, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1–16, Sep. 2020. -SCIE > Paper

Direct torque control (DTC) is considered one of the simplest and fastest control strategies used in motor drives. However, it produces large torque

and flux ripples. Replacing the conventional two-level hysteresis torque controller (HTC) with a four-level HTC for a three-level neutral-point clamped

(NPC) inverter can reduce the torque and flux ripples in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. However, the torque will not

be controlled properly within the upper HTC bands when driving the IPMSM in the medium and high-speed regions. This problem causes the stator

current to drop, resulting in poor torque control. To resolve this problem, a simple algorithm based on torque error average calculation is proposed. 

By using the proposed algorithm, the torque can be controlled well in all speed regions, and thus, a better stator current waveform can be obtained.

Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.