Dae-Keun Choi, Sang-Ho Moon, and Kyo-Beum Lee, "An Open-Switch Fault Detection Method and Tolerance Controls Based on MPDPC in a NPC Rectifier," in Proc. CENCON Conf., Oct. 2014, pp. 354–359. > Paper

In recent years, fault tolerance has become one of the most interesting topics because the open-switch faults rise to unbalance of

the AC input currents and unable to control DC-link voltage that can cause serious damage to the connected application. This paper

proposes a model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) method to tolerance control using a neutral point clamped (NPC) 

topology in a switch fault situation. This method uses the cost function concerning active power and reactive power to select a 

voltage vector and can detect the open-switch fault without using additional devices or complex calculations. Simulations are

carried out to confirm ​ the reliability of the proposed fault-detection method.