Samer Saleh Hakami and Kyo-Beum Lee, "Open-Switch Fault Detection in Five-Level Hybrid Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters," 전력전자학회 하계학술대회 논문집, pp.40–42, 2023. > Paper

This paper presents a creative and efficient approach for detecting open-switch faults in five-level hybrid active neutral-point-clamped (HANPC) 

inverter systems. The proposed open-switch faults detection technique offers significant advantages over existing methods, as it does not 

require any external hardware components or complex calculations, which helps reduce system costs and complexity. Alternatively, it uses a 

distorted reference voltage angle to classify the fault of each switch, making it an easier-to-implement and more effective solution for identifying

open-switch faults. The approach is also safe to use during load and no-load trials, ensuring the protection and reliability of the system. 

Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting and identifying open-switch faults in five-level HANPC 

inverters, which could potentially improve the overall performance and safety of these systems