Raeho Kwak, June-Hee Lee, and Kyo-Beum Lee, "Active Frequency Drift Method of Islanding Detection Applied to a Micro-Inverter with Uncontrollable Reactive Power," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1918–1927, Sep. 2016. -SCIE > Paper

This paper proposes active frequency drift (AFD) as an anti-islanding method applied to micro-inverters with uncontrollable reactive

power. When using ordinary inverter topologies, such as full bridge inverters in photovoltaic systems, the islanding phenomenon

can be detected with reactive power-based methods, such as reactive power variation. However, when the inverter topology cannot

control the reactive power, conventional anti-islanding methods with reactive power cannot be utilized. In this work, the topology

used in this paper cannot control the reactive power. Thus, an anti-islanding method that can be used in topologies that cannot

control the reactive power is proposed. The conventional anti-islanding method of the topology that cannot control reactive power

is introduced and analyzed. Unlike the conventional AFD method, the proposed method extends a zero current interval every

predetermined cycle. The proposed method offers certain advantages over conventional AFD methods, such as total harmonic

distortion. The proposed method is validated through simulation and experiment.